Hair waver



Oct. 25, 1932. J, SGUER'SQ 1,884,891

HAIR WAVER Filed Sept. 1.2; 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR /0511 (5291/9130 BY Zis ATTORNEY 1932' J. SGUERSO 1,884,893?

HAIR WAVER Filed pt. 12, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR 3 an? ('5 zerro BY [US ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 25, 1932 UNITED STATES JOHN SGUERSO, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK HAIR WAVER Application filed September 12, 1931. Serial No. 562,481.

This invention relates to hair curling devices and more particularly refers to improvements in haircurlers of the type used in. the art of permanent hair waving. In

current permanent waving practice, strands of hair are usually wound upon a metal curler so as to form a continuous helical coil extending longitudinally of the curler.

In some cases the strand of hair is flatten-ed and is spirally wound upon the curler so as to have its various coils superimposed upon one another. Before or after or both before and after the coiling operation, lotion is ap plied to the hair, said lotion usually consisting of an alkaline solution, its efiectbeing to open the hair. As a rule one end of the strand of hair is tied onto the curler before winding and the other end is tied after the winding is completed, and the coil thus formed is usually tightened by the use of specially designed curlers. These usually consist of an outer tube about three to five inches long and an inner rod having a slitted end projecting beyond the tube, said inner rod being rotatable in one direction and being restrained against rotation with respect to the tube in the opposite direction.

The starting end of the strand of hair is tied onto the slitted end of the rod and the strand is then coiled tightly around the tube, tightening of the coil being subsequently obtained by turning the rod with respect to the tube in the winding direction.

In all the hair curlers which have heretofore come to my notice, the slitted end of the inner rod projects only about five-sixteenths of an inch beyond the tube, that is, just enough to provide means for inserting a string or wire through the slot and tying it to said end. The coiling of the hair proper however is effected entirely along the tube and extends from the point of attachment of the hair strand t0 the slitted end of the inner rod to the opposite end of the tube, where the other end of the hair strand is tied.

In another application for patent, entitled, Methods of permanent waving, co-pending herewith, Serial No. 355,398, is described a novel and improved method of permanently waving hair whereby a Marcel-wave effect is obtained directly from the curler without re- I quiring any subsequent finger waving operation.

This result isobtained by winding the hair upon the curler by forming a number of twisted convolutions having a horizontal 8- shape and baking the hair while so wound. For his type of winding to be effective, it is necessary to tie the hair strand at the root end onto the curler and to wind each twisted 0 convolution partly at one side and partly at the other of the point of attachment.

Such a method of winding could not therefore be applied in connection with curlers in which the slitted end of the inner rod does not project a substantial length beyond the tube. The total length of each twisted convolution is one and one-half inches more or less, and therefore the inner rod should project at least about from five-eights of an inch to an inch or more beyond the point at which the hair strand is attached thereto.

After a hair look has been wound upon a curler or waver in the manner described above, it is necessary to set the hair under tension before heat is applied thereto. In stead of rotating a part of the hair waver or curler, as is done when the lock of hair is coiled around the same, it is preferable to apply tension to the hair by expanding or extending the hair waver in order to prevent the possibility of the 8-shaped convolutions being twisted out of shape.

Accordingly, the primary object of this invention is to provide a hair waver of a novel and improved design comprising two coaxial members movable one with respect to the other so as to form an extensible structure, said structure being formed with means for fastening a lock of hair about midway of the length of said structure, so as to permit said hair lock being wound partly upon one member and partly upon the other.

Another object of this invention is to provide a hair waver. of a novel and improved design having its central portion barrelshaped, and composed of two parts, one movable with respect to the other, said barrelshaped structure preventing the hair convolutions from slipping and twisting out of shape when the said two parts are moved with respect to each other, in order to set the hair windings under tension.

A further object is to provide a novel and improved type of hair waver, composed of two arts. to ether formin an axiall col lapsible and extensible structure having a barrel-shaped central portion, said structure being provided with-easily operated means for causing the same to extend or contract.

A stillfurther object is to provide a hair waver of the'character specified, said hair waver comprising two parts movable one with respect to the other to fornr an extensible and collapsible structure, one of said two parts being provided with a portion rotatable about the axis ofthe waver and means for at times preventing the rotation thereof.

, Other objects and advantages of the present invention will more fully appear as the description "proceeds and will be setforth.

and claimed in the appended claims.

My invention is illustrated by way of ex-: ample in the accompanying drawings, in which: h

Fig. 1 is a side view partly sectioned of a hair waver embodying some of. the principal features of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of ahair waver similar to that shown in Fig. 1, having one of its axially movable members provided with an end portion rotatable about the axis thereof; V i V Fig; 3 is a side view of a hair waver, similar to that shown'in .Fig. 2, illustrating the beginning of the winding of a lock of hair thereupon;

Fig. i is a similar view illustrating the appearance of the lock of hair after it has been completely wound upon the waver so asto produce a- Marcel-wave effect;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4:, illustrating the application of 'the electric heater onto the wound lock of hair;

I Fig. 6 is an end view of the hair waver and heater shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of another hairwaver also embodying my invention in adifferent form; I Y

Fig. 8 is a side'view partly sectioned of another waver embodying some of the features of my invention; i

Fi 9 is an end view thereof;

Fig. 10is another end view from the opposite end;

Fig. 11 is a detail front view in an enlarged scale of aspring washer used in connection with the device of Fig. 8;

Fig. 12'is a side view and Fig. 13 is a cross sectional view of an adjusting nut used in the device of Fig. 8;

Fig. 14 is a side view in enlarged scale partly broken away and sectioned of a knob removably insertable onto the split end of the hair waver shown in Fig. 8; and

Fig. 15 is an end view thereof.

The hair waver, shown in Fig. l-comprises two co-axial'members 20, 21, each having a bulging inner end 22, 23, said bulging ends together forming a barrel-shaped central portion of the waver, as the drawings clearly show.

. The inner end 23 of member 21 is provided with an'axially extending recess 24 within which is inserted corresponding projection 25, outwardly extending in an axial direction from the inner end 22 of the member 20.

Member 21 is provided with an axial passage extending from the bottom of recess 24 to the outer end of said member, said passage receiving the stem portion 26 of an adjusting screw 27, inserted through a threaded axial opening 28 provided at the inner end of member 20.

Upon stem 26 is fixed a set collar 29, resting against the bottom of recess 24 and at the outer end of said stem is'fixed a knob 30, by means of which. said stem can be rotated. It is thus seen that by virtue of this construction when knob 30 is rotated in one direction the two members will move away from each other in an axial direction, while when the knob is rotated in the opposite direction the two members 20, 21 will move ture.

In Fig. 2 I show a hair waver of somewhat similar construction comprising two axially movable membersBl, 32 having bulging intowards each other, contracting the struc- 37 of stem 36, said check'nut being adapted v to bear against the outer surface of member 38' so as to frictionally restrain the same against rotation.

The hair waver thus illustrated 18, therefore, capable of expansion in an axial direction and is also provided with means for setting under tension by rotation the outer end of a lock of hair wound thereupon in coiled form.

Both in the case of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the inner surfaces of the two axially movable members, facing each other, are normally separatedby a gap indicated at in Fig. 1 and 41 in Fig. 2, forming an annular groove through which it is possible to insert and fasten a thread or wire by means oi which it becomes possible to tie onto the waver alock of hair 42 shown in Fig. 3 at or near its root 43.

It is then possible to wind the lock of hair upon the waver in a series of convolutions, such as shown at 4A inFig. 3, by running the lock or strand of hair across andaround the waver alternately from one .side of the point of attachment of the strand to the other, reversing the direction at each convolution. As a result, the strand of hair will. ultimately take the shape shown in Fig. 4,, in which a number of convolutions are superimposed upon one another, forming a substantially barrel-shaped mass of hair 45, extending at both sides of the point of fastening.

It is frequently desirable to produce a combined Marcel-wavacurl effect in which the body of the hair strand is Marcel-waved and the tip end is coiled so as to form a spiral curl. Such a result can be obtained by winding the hair about the waver in the manner explained up to one inch or more from the end, and then by winding the remaining portion in spiral or superimposed coils about the rotatable portion 38 of the waver, as shown at 46, tying the extreme end thereof onto said rotatable portion.

The hair should be tightly wound and an additional tension should be imparted to it after winding. The end 30 is, therefore, rotated so as to axially expand the waver without twisting the windings, as will be understood. Furthermore, in order to set under tension the coiled outer end of the strand of hair, rotatable member 38 is rotated in the winding direction and when a suflicient tension has been imparted to the hair, check nut 39 is turned so as to force it against the outer end of member 38, locking the same in position.

The hair is generally thoroughly moistened with a suitable alkaline lotion before or after twisting, or both. After the hair has been wound, tightened and moistened, it is covered with a piece of flannel or other suitable material, such as shown at at. said flannel having first been impregnated with the lotion.

A protective pad, such as shown at 48, is also preferably applied onto the head directly opposite the hair waver, and the hair is then ready to be baked by a more or less prolonged application of a heating element thereto.

In the drawings, Figs. 5 and 6, the heating element is shown in the form of an electric heater of the clamp type, said heater comprismg two jaws 49, 50, pivotally connected to each other at 51 and normally urged to their clamping position by a spring 52. Each jaw is internally provided with an electric resistance wire 53, which is covered by a protective shield 54.

A heating element is inserted over each wound strand of hair and the current is then turned on, each heating element being connected to a source of electric supply in any suitable manner (not shown).

Due to the fact that the hair windings are superimposed upon one another, the hair waver need not be very long. In fact, in practice I have found that a total length of two inches will do. This permits of placing the waver fiat against the head, even though a lar e number of hair locks are treated at the same time.

In Fig. 7 I illustrate another axially e:; tenslble hair waver embodying my in ention in a somewhat diilerent form. in the same the body is composed of two halves 56, together forming a barrel-shaped structure, said halves being inserted over and being axially movable with respect to a central aibular member 57.

Said member 57 is provided with two elongated slots 58, 59, through which project two rivets 60, 61, inwardly extending from parts 55, 56, respectively, so that the axial mov ment of said halves is limited by the length of said slots. I U

The outer end of both part 55 and part 56 is threaded to receive an adjusting screw 62, 63, operable by means of knobs 6 65, the inner end of each screw projecting within the recess 66, 67, provided within said parts 55, 56, said recess registering with tubular member 57. llloreover, each screw carries at its inner end a block 68, 69, bearing against the ends of tubular member 57, as shown.

It will be seen that by virtue of this construction, if screws 62, are turned so to move blocks 68, 69 inwardly, this causes parts 55, 56 to move away from each other, thus setting under tension the hair windings 70. On the other hand, it the screws are operated in the opposite direction, blocks 68, 69 are moved away from the ends of tubular member 57 an d parts 55, 56 can be moved towards each other by hand.

The barrel-shape feature of the waver can also be used when the waver is composed of two co-arzial members rotatable one with respect to the other. Such a construction is shown in to 13, in which the hair waver is composed of a half-barrel member 71, having a through axial bore and another haltbarrel member 72, having a stem 73 er;- tending through said bore, causing member a washer 7 9, which may be of fibre or any The outer end of member 71 is enlarged to form a knob 74 andis recessed to form a chamber 75 within which projects the thread ed end 76 of stem 73. Between the face or shoulder 77 formed by stem 7 3 where it extends through member 72 and the inner surface 7 8 of member 71, is preferably inserted other suitable material. Said washer is preferably'of a diameter smaller than the adjoining portions of members 71, 72, thus forming therewith an annular groove 80, a'dapted to receive a: thread or wire for fastening the strand of haironto the waver.

Another fiat washer 81 is placed about threaded end 7 6 of stem 73 and against the bottom surfaceof chamber 75.

Against said washer 81 bears the edge 82 of aconvex spring washer 83, which also 'is inserted about the threaded end 76 of stem 73 and against said convex washer rests the inner surface of a pressure nut 84, screwed uponthreaded end 76.

Threaded end 76 of stem? 3 is preferably formed with two longitudinal grooves or keyways 85, 86, as shown in Fig. 11. In said keyways are inserted tongues 87, 88, inward ly projecting from opening 89 of washer 83, so that said washer is prevented from turning and will act as a loclr washer for nut 84:, causing said washer and said nut, together with washer 81, to turn bodily with stem 73 when the same, is rotated with respect to part 71, or vice versa.

By virtue of the construction described, it will be seen that the pressure exerted by nut 84: against washer 83 tends at all times to restrain said two parts from rotation. The action of nut 8a, washer 83 and washer 81 is in every way similar to that of a disk friction brake, the friction opposing the rotation of the two parts being developed between the innersurface of washer 81 and the bottom surface of chamber 75. By adjusting the position of nut 8% one way or the other, itis possible to decrease or increase the pressure exerted by washer 83 so that the restraining action of the friction brake may be adjusted at will. 1

After the lock of hair has been tightly wound about the waver in the manner above described, some additional tension is imparted to the windings by rotating parts 71, 72 with respect to each other in the direction in which the windings are made tighter. In order to hold member 72 with one hand while the other hand holds knob 74:, the outer end of part 7 is made with a slot 90 and a removable knob 91 is inserted over said end, said mob being hollow, as shown at 92, so as to be adapted to receive the outer end of part 72, and being provided with a transversal blade-like member 93 adapted to engage slot 90. f e

In practice, I have found the hair waver just described to be fairly satisfactory, but in view of the possibility. of twisting the hair windings out of shape if an excessive rotation is imparted to either or both halves of the waver, I prefer touse' the extensible type of waver shown in Figs. 1 to 6.

The constructional details of my device may vary fromthose shown without departing from the inventive idea; the drawings, therefore, will be understood as being intended for illustrative purposes only and not in a limiting sense. I r

I accordingly reserve the right to carry my invention into practice in all those ways and manner which may enter, fairly, into the scope of the appended claims.

1 claim:

1. As a new article of manufacture, a hair waver consisting of an elongated body having a barrel shaped central portion, said body comprising two parts axially movable one with respect to the other, so as to set under tension the. windings of a hair lock wound thereupon.

2. A hair waver comprising two co-axial members adjustably connected to each other so as to together'form an axially extensible structure, said members being adapted to prevent slippage of hair windings wound upon said waver, when said'members are moved away from each other to extend said structure.

3. A hair waver comprising two co-axial members adjustably connected to each other so as to together form an axially extensible structure, said members each havinga bulging inner end and together forming a barrel shapedcentral portion of said waver.

4. A hair waver consisting of an elongated body having a'barrel shaped central portion, said body comprising two parts movable one with-respect to the other, so as to set under tension the windings of a hair lock wound thereupon, one of said movable parts having its outer end independently rotatable about the axis of said waver. V 5. A hair waver consisting of an elongated body having a barrel shaped central portion, sa d body comprising two parts movable one with respect to the other so as to set under tension the. windings of a hair look wound thereupom'one of said movable-parts having its outer end independently rotatable about the axis of said waver and means for preventing rotation of said rotatable end after winding movement thereof. I

6. A hair waver comprising two co-axial members adjustably connected to each other so as to together form an axially extensible structure, one of said members having its outer end independently rotatable about the axis of said waver.

7. A hair waver comprising two co-axial members adjustably connected to each other so as to together form an axially extensible structure, one of said members having its outer end independently rotatable about the axis of said waver, and means for preventing rotation of said rotatable end after winding movement thereof.

8. A hair waver comprising two co-axial members adjustably connected to each other so to together form an axially extensible structure, said members each having a bulging inner end and together forming a barrel shaped central portion of said waver, one of said members having its outer end independently rotatable about the axis of said waver.

9. A hair waver comprising two co-axial members adjustably connected to each other so as to together form an axially extensible structure, said members each having a bulging inner end and together forming a barrel shaped central portion of said waver, one of said members having its outer end independently rotatable about the axis of said waver and means for preventing rotation of said rotatable end after winding movement thereof.

10. A hair waver comprising two coaxial members having a bulging inner end so as to together form a be rel shaped central portion of said waver, one of said members having an axially extending recess at its inner end, and the other having an axial extension at its inner end, registering with and insertable within said recess, the recessed member also having an axial passage extending from the bottom of said recess to the outer end of said member, an adjusting member having a stem portion rotatably inserted within said passage, the inner end of adjusting member being threaded and being screwed into said axial extension, and a knob mounted at the outer end of said stem for actuating said adjusting member to axially displace one of said members with respect to the other.

11. A hair waver comprising two coaxial members having a bulging inner end so as to together form a barrel shaped central portion of said waver, one of said members having an axially extending recess at its inner end, and. the other having an axial extension at its inner end, registering with and insertable within said recess, the recessed member also having an axial passage extending from the bottom of said recess to the outer end of said member, an adjusting member having a stem portion rotatably inserted within said passage, the inner end of said adjusting member being threaded and being screwed into said axial extension, and a knob mounted at the outer end of said stem for actuating said adjusting member to axially displace one of said members with respect to the other, one of said members having a portion rotatable about the axis of the body thereof.

12. A hair waver comprising two coaxial members having a bulging inner end so as to together form a barrel shaped central portion of said waver, one of said members having an axially extending recess at its inner end, and the other having an axial extension at its inner end, registering with and insertable within said recess, the recessed member also having an axial passage extending from the bottom of said recess to the outer end of said member, an adjusting member having a stem portion rotatably inserted within said passage, the inner end of said adjusting member being threaded and being screwed into said axial extension, and a knob mounted at the outer end of said stem for actuating said adjusting member to axially displaceone of said members with respect to the other, the member formed with an axial extension having its outer end rotatable about the axis of the body thereof.

13. A hair waver comprising two coaxial members having a bulging inner end so as to together form a barrel shaped central portion of said waver, one of said members having an axially extending recess at its inner end, and the other having an axial extension at its inner end, registering with and insertable within said recess, the recessed member also having an axial passage extending from the bottom of said recess to the outer end of said member, an adjusting member having a stem portion rotatably inserted within said passage, the inner end of said adjusting member being threaded and being screwed into said axial extension, a knob mounted at the outer end of said stem for actuating said adj usting member to axially displace one of said members with respect to the other, the member formed with an axial extension having its outer end rotatable about the axis of the body thereof, and means for preventing rotation of said rotatable end after winding movement thereof.

14. A hair waver comprising two coaxial members having a bulging inner end so as to together form a barrel shaped central portion of said waver, one of said members having an axially extending recess at its inner end, and the other having an axial extension at its inner end, registering with and insertable within said recess, the recessed member also having an axial passage extending from the bottom of said recess to the outer end of said member, an adjusting member having a stem portion rotatably inserted within said passage, the inner end of said adjusting member being threaded and being screwed into said axial extension, a knob mounted at the outer end of said stem for actuating said adjusting member to axially displace one of said members with respect to the other, the member formed with an axial extension having its outer end rotatable about the axis of the body thereof and a nut for oheckingrotation of said rotatable end.

15. A hair waver comprising two coaxial members adjustably connected to each other so as to together form an axially extensible structure, and means for axially adjusting either member with respect to the other without causing rotatory movement of either member.

16. A hair waver comprising two coaxial members adjustably connected to each other so as to together form an axially extensible structure, and threaded means for axially adjusting either member with respect to the other without causing rotatory movement of either member.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

- JOHN SGUERSO.

Ill 

